Ownership costs
Annual cost split into fixed costs (service, tires, brakes) and a risk buffer for unpredictable repairs. Based on 15,000 km/year and typical European market pricing.
Failure risks
Common problems for the specific engine and generation, with repair cost ranges and estimated likelihood. What actually breaks, how much it costs, and how often.
Buyer tools
Recall history checked against manufacturer databases. Warranty details. A pre-purchase inspection checklist for when you go see the car.